HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is one of the most commonly used and popular programming languages for web development. It was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 and first published in 1995. Since then, HTML has undergone several updates. HTML 4, released in 1999, marked a significant milestone in its development and gained widespread global adoption. The current version, HTML 5, was released in 2012.
In this article, we will explore over a few essential HTML interview questions that can help you succeed in challenging interviews and secure your ideal job.
HTML is fundamental to web development, and anyone considering a career in this field has likely encountered it. This is probably why you are reading this article.
For aspiring developers looking to excel in web development, mastering HTML is essential. It forms the backbone of web design, determining the structure and layout of web pages. To effectively navigate the complexities of HTML and other web development technologies, enrolling in a comprehensive Java full stack developer course can be highly beneficial.
Top HTML interview questions
1) What is HTML?
HTML, short for HyperText Markup Language, is the foundational language of the internet. It serves as the standard text formatting language for creating and presenting web pages. HTML documents consist of elements and tags that ensure proper page display.
2) What are the differences between HTML AND XHTML?
- Syntax: XHTML has a stricter syntax than HTML, adhering to XML rules for proper formatting and structure. HTML syntax is more flexible.
- Document Type Definition (DTD): XHTML requires a DTD to define the document’s structure rules, while HTML does not.
- Case sensitivity: XHTML is case sensitive, requiring elements and attributes to be in lower case. HTML is not case sensitive.
- Empty elements: XHTML requires all empty elements to be closed, such as <br /> or <img src=”image.jpg” alt=”image” />. In HTML, some empty elements can remain unclosed, like <br > or <img src=”image.jpg” alt=”image” >.
- Attribute values: XHTML mandates that all attribute values must be quoted, whereas HTML allows attribute values to be either quoted or unquoted.
- Error handling: XHTML has stricter error handling, with errors potentially preventing the page from displaying correctly. HTML is more forgiving and will display the page even if there are coding mistakes.
- Future compatibility: XHTML is designed for compatibility with future technologies and devices, whereas HTML may not be as forward-compatible.
3) What are HTML tags?
We use HTML tags to properly and appropriately format elements. These tags are distinguished from HTML content by using the symbols < and >. Not all HTML tags require closing tags. For instance, the <img> tag does not need a closing tag.
4) What are HTML attributes?
Attributes are characteristics that can be assigned to an HTML tag to alter its behavior or appearance. For instance, the <img> tag includes an src attribute to specify the image’s source. Attributes are placed immediately after the tag name within the angle brackets and can only be applied to opening or self-closing tags, not to closing tags.
5) What is HTML formatting?
HTML Formatting is a technique for enhancing the appearance of text. It allows text formatting without the need for CSS. HTML includes numerous formatting tags that can make text bold, italicized, or underlined. In both HTML and XHTML, there are around 14 different ways to style text.
Formatting tags in HTML are categorized into two types:
- Physical tags: These tags affect the visual presentation of the text.
- Logical tags: These tags add logical or semantic meaning to the text.
6) What are some common lists that are used when designing a page?
There are several types of lists commonly used to design a page. You can select any one or combine multiple types from the following options:
- Ordered list – This type displays items in a numbered sequence and is represented by the <ol> tag.
- Unordered list – This type presents items with bullets and is represented by the <ul> tag.
- Definition list – This type shows items in a format similar to a dictionary definition, using the <dl>, <dt>, and <dd> tags.
7) Explain the layout of HTML?
HTML layout determines how a web page is structured. Each website has a unique layout to present content in a particular way. The following are various HTML5 elements used to define different parts of a webpage:
- <header>: Defines a header for a document or section.
- <nav>: Defines a container for navigation links.
- <section>: Defines a section within a document.
- <article>: Defines an independent, self-contained piece of content.
- <aside>: Defines content that is related to the main content, like a sidebar.
- <footer>: Defines a footer for a document or section.
8) What is !DOCTYPE?
A doctype, or document-type declaration, informs the web browser about the markup language used for the current page. It is not an element or tag but rather indicates the version or standard of HTML or another markup language used in the document. The HTML5 DOCTYPE is case-insensitive and can be written as follows:
<!DOCTYPE html>
9) How to Optimize Website Assets Loading?
To enhance website loading speed, it’s crucial to optimize how assets are loaded. This can be achieved through:
- CDN Hosting: Using a content delivery network with servers distributed globally to reduce latency.
- File compression: Employing methods to reduce the size of assets, thereby minimizing data transfer.
- File concatenation: Combining files to reduce the number of HTTP calls required.
- Minifying scripts: Shrinking the file size of JavaScript and CSS files.
- Parallel downloads: Hosting assets across multiple sub-domains to bypass the download limit per domain imposed by modern browsers, although most users do not adjust these settings.
- Lazy loading: Loading only essential assets initially and loading non-critical assets as needed.
10) In How Many Ways can we Position an HTML Element?
The position attribute in HTML can have seven main values to control the positioning of an element:
- Static: Default value, where the element is positioned according to the normal document flow.
- Absolute: Positions the element relative to its parent element, with the final position set by the left, right, top, and bottom values.
- Fixed: Similar to absolute but the element is positioned relative to the <html> element.
- Relative: Positions the element according to the normal document flow but offsets it relative to its original position.
- Initial: Resets the property to its default value.
- Inherit: The element inherits the position property from its parent.
11) In How Many ways can we Display HTML Elements?
- Inline: Displays any block-level element as an inline element, where the height and width attributes have no effect.
- Block: Displays any inline element as a block-level element.
- Inline-block: Similar to inline, but allows formatting the element with height and width values.
- Flex: Displays the container and its elements as a flexible structure, including flexbox properties.
- Inline-flex: Displays the flex container as an inline element while its contents follow flexbox properties.
- Grid: Displays HTML elements as a grid container.
- None: Hides the HTML element.
Few less commonly used display types are:-
- Table
- Inline-table
- Table-cell
- Table-column
- Table-row
- Inline-grid
- List-item
- Inherit
- Initial
- Table-caption
12) What is HTML5? Mention a few features that are present in HTML5 but not in HTML?
HTML5 is the latest version of the Hypertext Markup Language. Some of its new features include:
- Support for SVG and Canvas: HTML5 supports SVG, canvas, and other virtual vector graphics, whereas previously vector graphics could only be used with Flash, VML (Vector Markup Language), or Silverlight.
- JavaScript integration: HTML5 allows JavaScript to run within the web browser itself, unlike the previous version, which only allowed JavaScript to run in the browser interface thread.
- Enhanced Parsing Rules: HTML5 is not based on SGML and comes with improved parsing rules for better compatibility.
- Web SQL Databases: HTML5 uses web SQL databases for temporary data storage, whereas previously, only the browser cache was used.
- Removed elements: Elements such as applet, is index, no frames, acronym, dir, font, frame, frameset, and big have been removed.
- New elements: HTML5 introduces new elements like time, summary, aside, audio, command, and data.
Read More :- Java Interview Questions
Above discussed few questions usually come in an HTML interview questions . We hope this article will be helpful to you to achieve your dream job.
